International Journal of Advanced Research and Development

Authors
Dr. Ericharla Raju

Abstract
In this overview paper, Health is considered as a fundamental human right and a worldwide social goal. It is essential to the satisfaction of basic human needs and to improve the quality of life. The majority of the people in India living in rural areas are poorly served. NSSO (2005) is estimated that in India every year about 1.5 million children under five years die of water related diseases. The present article examined public health and sanitation: a case study of Bapatla Mandal rural of Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh, The present study conducted in 2008. The study analysis of the health and situation in the study area. Majority 91 (75.8 per cent) of the respondent families are consuming milk and its products daily. Only 3 (2.5 per cent) are never taking milk products. Majority 77 (64.2 per cent) of the respondent families are consuming eggs weekly at once. Which is very cheap to purchase and containing high percentage of minerals. 30 (25.0 per cent) of the respondents utilizing the coarse salt, which is not pure and not healthy. Out of 120 respondent, 98 (81.7 per cent) get water from public tap. About 27 per cent deliveries were attended by a relative or a dai. Only 26 per cent of the deliveries are attended by the doctor, which are safe. The study reveals that a big majority of the respondents provided immunization to their children, which is a healthy symptom for healthy life. 20 (16.7 per cent) felt it is good. Hence there is every need to improve health and sanitation in these villages. The study shows that pucca drainage system is a rare phenomenon in rural areas. There is a need to provide pucca drainage system in rural areas also which will help improve the sanitary situation in the village. Only 27 (25.0 per cent) are satisfied with the drainage system and another 20 (18.5 per cent) did not satisfied with the type of drainage system prevailing in the area. The study reveals that 17 (22.7 per cent) respondents felt that improving toilet facility will improve sanitation. 16 (21.3 per cent) of the respondent felt that improving water facility will improve the sanitation. These measures are adopted they will improve sanitation situation in these villages. Most of the respondents are only using open field for defecation there is every need to educate the people to use more sanitary toilet in order to maintain good sanitary situation in and around the house and the village. Only 15 (12.5 per cent) use outside space area to keep the cattle. There is very need to educate the people so that the use outside house area keeps the animals. On the whole we can say that the health and sanitation situation in India had improved in general over a period of time. The expectation of life which was only around 40 at the time of independence reached a level of 65 at present. There is an improvement in other mortality indicators also.